Kaei era (1848.2.28-1854.11.27)
May; fifth month of the lunar calendar
eighth day of the month; eight days
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix
visiting one's constituency; (arch.) feudal lord's return to his estate
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
soon; in a moment; nearby; close; direct; spot transaction
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
anything and everything; just about everything
complete change; reform; restoration; remodeling; remodelling; renewal
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
feudal domain (Edo and early Meiji periods, precursor to current prefectures); fiefdom; province
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be full of (e.g. adventure, youth, energy); to be overflowing with
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
nobleman; dignitary; feudal lord (of the Edo period); daimyō; man brought up away from the world; arrogant man with little knowledge of the ways of the world
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
(festivity) page; baby; child; (arch.) boys kept by pederasts
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(as for (that)) thing; (given (that)) thing; matter; (it is a ...) thing; matter; fact