jpdb beta

Keiō era (1865.4.7-1868.9.8)

1

four years

1

April; fourth month in the lunar calendar

1

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

102

Edo Castle (residence of the Shogun during the Edo period, now the site of the Tokyo Imperial Palace)

2

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

103

bloodless

1

capitulation (of fort)

1

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

83

to accomplish; to finish; to carry through; to follow through

1

however; but

1

new government; new administration

6

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

59

dissatisfaction; discontent; displeasure; complaint; unhappiness

1

to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last

1

influence; power; might; strength; potency; force

1

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

73

Kōzuke (former province located in present-day Gunma Prefecture)

1

massing (of troops); gathering

1

they; them

1

Shōgitai (group of former Tokugawa retainers opposed to the Meiji government and fought in the battle of Ueno)

4

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

37

to give one's name (as); to introduce oneself (as); to claim to be; to call oneself; to reveal oneself (as); to admit to being

1

then; well; so; be; is

67

from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth

1

war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces

15

to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember

3

all; everyone; everybody

1

direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)

3

to win; to gain victory

1

way; method; means

1

honorific/polite/humble prefix

20

to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach

1

to give; to present; to offer; to do for someone's sake

1

one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month

1

no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all

5

half day

2

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

49

to be put in order; to be put to rights; to be disposed of; to be solved; to be finished; to be married (off)

1

quick; speedy; prompt; rapid; swift

1

to be destroyed; to perish; to go out (e.g. fire); to destroy; to get rid of; to extinguish

1

good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result

7

feudal domain (Edo and early Meiji periods, precursor to current prefectures); fiefdom; province

5

tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation

1

in accordance with; according to

1

attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation

1

start; commencement; beginning; initiation

1

to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy

6

bombarding; shelling; bombardment

1

sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading

1