Satchō Alliance; 1866 alliance between the feudal domains of Satsuma and Chōshū
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
second day of the month; two days
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
sound of footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
surface; face (i.e. the visible side of an object); front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin; outside; exterior; appearance
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix
a lot; plenty; abundant; exaggerated; grandiose
splendid horse; promoted bishop
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to come true (of a wish, prayer, etc.); to be realized; to suit (e.g. a purpose); to meet (wishes, ideals, etc.); to match (implies competition); to rival
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
great numbers (of people); numerical superiority; masses; people; folk; clique
maiko; apprentice geisha; dancing girl
to misperceive visually; to misread; to mistake for something or somebody else
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
meek; quiet; docile; mysterious; marvelous; marvellous
to be arrested; to be put in bonds
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
to take (seat, position, course, office, etc.); to assume; to ascend (the throne); to accede; to start (on a journey); to commence
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to be called; to do
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.); to slice (off); to lop (off); to cut (off)
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation