Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
lower grade; low class; junior (officer)
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
placid; composed; big hearted; broad-minded; great quantity (of something)
straight (ahead); direct; upright; straightforward; honest; frank
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
slightly good luck (as a fortune telling result)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; (arch.) man in attendance (on a person of high standing); (arch.) retainer
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
sword (esp. Japanese single-edged); katana; scalpel; chisel; burin; knife money (knife-shaped commodity money used in ancient China)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
two (long cylindrical things)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to shine; to be visible; to be tinged with; to rise (of water levels); to flow in; to be felt (i.e. as an emotion); to come over one
to throw one's chest out; to hold one's head high
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
timid; weak-kneed; fainthearted; bearish (e.g. market)
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
people; citizens; subjects; folk
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to use up; to exhaust; to devote oneself (to); to do one's utmost (for); to do to exhaustion; to do completely
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
true; real; genuine; proper; utter
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
such; like that; that sort of; very
where ... is concerned; when it becomes; if it becomes
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed