Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
honorific/polite/humble prefix
garden; yard; courtyard; field (of action); area
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to order; to command; to appoint
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
at once; immediately; without delay; promptly
to deliver; to forward; to send; to report; to notify; to file notice (to the authorities)
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
encounter; being confronted with (e.g. difficulty); meeting with (e.g. accident)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
coming; going; being (somewhere); come; go; stay
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
article; item; quality; flirtatiousness; coquetry
river; stream; River; the ... river
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
to meet (someone of higher status); (arch.) to be recognized (esp. by someone of higher status); (arch.) to be visible; (arch.) to be seen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
mistaking one person for another; (case of) mistaken identity
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
before oneself; in front of one; a bit before reaching (a location); this side (of a location); one's standpoint; one's appearance; skill
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
retirement (from work); leading a quiet life (after retirement); retired person; retiree; surrendering headship of the family (pre-WWII)
to tear; to rip; to break through (cordon, opponent's defense, etc.); to breach; to defeat; to beat; to break (e.g. silence)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very