foe; enemy; resentment; enmity; harm; injury
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
honorific/polite/humble prefix
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
receiving; reception; eating; drinking; please; please do for me
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
unique flavor (flavour); (degree of) flavouring; distinctive quality; special charm
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
going public (with a matter); becoming public knowledge; recourse to litigation; taking (a matter) to court
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ulterior motive; plot; scheme; complicated circumstances; intricacies
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to strike; to clap; to play drums; to abuse; to bash; to consult; to sound out
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
ringleader; mastermind; leader (of a plot)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
shallows; shoal; rapids; current; position; place
to detain; to keep; to lock up; to retain; to leave (letter) till called for
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
proof; evidence; certificate; license; to testify (usu. Christian religious context); enlightenment
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
writing with the brush in one's mouth; foreword; preface; affidavit; written confession (of a commoner in the Edo period)
seems to be; appears to have; supposed to be
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to start; to begin; to challenge; to pick (a fight); to set (traps); to plant (explosives)
snare; trap (for catching wild game, etc.); trap (i.e. ruse, subterfuge, etc.)