honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
anyhow; anyway; somehow or other; apart from ...; setting ... aside
bath; bathing; bathhouse; public bath; room for drying lacquerware; base (wooden joint connecting the blade of a hoe, spade, etc., to the handle)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
waterfall; (arch.) rapids
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
Ansei era (1854.11.27-1860.3.18)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
December; twelfth month of the lunar calendar
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hills and fields; hill and dale
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
black ships; Western ships that came to Japan between the 16th and 19th centuries, esp. those of the Perry Expedition in 1853; foreign disruptor (of the Japanese market); product, person, etc. arriving from the West and disturbing the Japanese market
to board (a train, plane, etc.); to get into (a car); to get on (a bus); to march into; to enter; to arrive (at, in)
time; years; days; the Moon and the Sun
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to groan; to moan; to roar; to howl; to hum (engine, wind, etc.); to buzz; to ooh and aah (in admiration)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
tortoise; turtle; heavy drinker; turtle crest; turtle mon
soon; before long; slowly; quietly; already; about time
to put to bed; to let sleep; to lay (something) down; to put on its side; to let (money, goods, etc.) lie idle; to set aside unused
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
abundant; plentiful; rich; wealthy; open (mind); relaxed
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
look!; see!; here!; there!; hey!