light; glow; (a) light; lights; proof (of innocence)
to shoot (a gun, person, etc.); to fire
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
(distant) future; future existence; world beyond the grave; future (tense)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
Chōshū; (former) Nagato Province
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
shogunate; bakufu; shogun's headquarters; Imperial Guards office; residence of the Imperial Guards commander
battle; war; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); contest; competition
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
defeating; crushing; smashing; destroying
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
court ladies of the middle rank serving in the inner palace (Heian period); female servant for a samurai family; lady-in-waiting working in the inner palace of the Edo castle (Edo period)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to appoint; to nominate; to consider (oneself) to be; to pose as; to assume (a role, responsibility, etc.); to take on
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
family name; house name; family honour; family honor
extinction (e.g. of a family); dying out; discontinuation; severance (e.g. of relations); rupture; breaking off
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
revival; restoration; resuscitation
honorific/polite/humble prefix
pardon; forgiveness; exemption; permission
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
death; decease; passing away
chance; start; opportunity; cause; reason; excuse
cease-fire; truce; armistice
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
at once; immediately; without delay; promptly
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to be; to come; to go; to be (doing)
to be caught; to be captured; to be taken prisoner; to be seized with (fear, etc.); to be a slave to; to stick to
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity