standing out from the crowd; dominating; rising abruptly; towering high
kindnesses; friendship; cordialities
reverence for the emperor; advocate of imperial rule
funeral; burial (service); funeral procession
to turn the rudder of a ship; to change direction (of policy, etc.)
longevity; prolongation of life
young child; toddler; child over 1 but not yet of school age
military preparation; armaments; defenses; defences
domain administration (Edo period); clan administration
(another person's) nephew
(arch.) person of high rank; (arch.) nobleman; wife of a nobleman
endorsement; proof; note on back of the scroll
Mencius (372-289 BCE); Mengzi; Mencius (one of the Four Books)
imperial sanction; royal charter; chartered (e.g. chartered accountant)
elegant; graceful; refined; leisurely; comfortable; easy
turning point; transition phase
military science; strategy; tactics
opening a port (seaport, airport, etc.); starting operations at a port; opening a port to foreign vessels or trade
to take the blame; to take responsibility; to assume liability; to bear the burden
inherited; family (heirloom); ancestral
becoming a lordless samurai
nevertheless; still; however; yet
to arrest; to capture; to seize
steamship; steamboat; steamer
overseas travel (to Western countries); going abroad (to study or travel); store operated by a foreigner (in pre-communist China)
various fiefdoms; various domains
working feverishly; strenuous efforts; furious dedication (to a task); (arch.) having dishevelled hair; (arch.) fighting with dishevelled hair
diligent student; studious person
Satsuma and Chōshū (clan alliance)