to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
Chōshū; (former) Nagato Province
han (estate of a daimyo in the Edo and early Meiji periods); feudal domain; fief; province
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
drastic change; sea change; major turnaround
period; time; opportunity; chance; age; term (e.g. in office); session (e.g. of parliament)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
shogunate; bakufu; shogun's headquarters; Imperial Guards office; residence of the Imperial Guards commander
allegiance; obedience; submission
group; faction; (political) faction; wing; school (of thought, painting, etc.); sect
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
clean sweep; purging; doing away with; eradication
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
end; conclusion; last; final; once ...; the moment ... (, that's it)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
towards (a destination); for the purpose of; with the goal of; targeting (a group, a demographic)
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to change direction (of policy, etc.); (lit.) to turn the rudder (of a ship)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that
husband; master (of a house, shop, etc.)
protection; defense; providence; amulet; charm
role; assignment; position (of responsibility); post; part (in a play, film, etc.); role
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to serve; to work for; to attend
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to reach the point where ...; to come to ...; to come to be that ...; to start to ...; to begin to ...
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to recall; to remember; to recollect
recollection; retrospection; reflection; reminiscence
school; school building; schoolhouse
opportunity; occasion; (arch.) order; (arch.) sequence; (arch.) successor
to prepare; to provide; to set up; to establish; to organize
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)