standing out from the crowd; dominating; rising abruptly; towering high
kindnesses; friendship; cordialities
school; school building; schoolhouse
reverence for the emperor; advocate of imperial rule
funeral; burial (service); funeral procession
to turn the rudder of a ship; to change direction (of policy, etc.)
longevity; prolongation of life
young child; toddler; child over 1 but not yet of school age
Satchō Alliance; 1866 alliance between the feudal domains of Satsuma and Chōshū
Gentoku era (1329.8.29-1331.8.9)
commoner; patriot; humble subject; late Edo period commoner opposition movement (mid-18th century to mid-19th century)
military preparation; armaments; defenses; defences
opportunity; occasion; (arch.) order; (arch.) sequence; (arch.) successor
domain administration (Edo period); clan administration
daimyo's alternating Edo residence; official attendance service (by a daimyo in the Edo period)
(another person's) nephew
(arch.) person of high rank; (arch.) nobleman; wife of a nobleman
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you
endorsement; proof; note on back of the scroll
Mencius (372-289 BCE); Mengzi; Mencius (one of the Four Books)
imperial sanction; royal charter; chartered (e.g. chartered accountant)
elegant; graceful; refined; leisurely; comfortable; easy
turning point; transition phase
military science; strategy; tactics
opening a port (seaport, airport, etc.); starting operations at a port; opening a port to foreign vessels or trade
to take the blame; to take responsibility; to assume liability; to bear the burden
maliciousness; ill will; noxious gas; (arch.) (vengeful) ghost; (arch.) specter
inherited; family (heirloom); ancestral
enemy of the emperor; rebel against the imperial government
becoming a lordless samurai
nevertheless; still; however; yet