to jump out; to rush out; to appear (suddenly); to protrude; to project; to butt in
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
to enliven (e.g. a conversation); to animate; to engage in enthusiastically; to become successful and well known
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
cause; seed; variety; kind; counter for varieties
to scatter; to sprinkle; to distribute (handbills, etc.); to spread (rumours, etc.); to give the slip; to throw off
contribution (furthering a goal or cause); services (to a cause)
modernization; modernisation
activity (esp. energetic); great efforts; conspicuous service; to flourish; to participate actively; to play an active role
(world of) politics; political world; political circles
to defend against; to protect against; to prevent; to avert; to avoid
mirror; looking-glass; barrel head; page added at the beginning of a document mentioning its purpose, date, author, etc.; mirror-shaped mochi
inside the breast of one's clothing (esp. kimono); bosom; space between one's chest and outstretched arms; (one's) reach; heart (e.g. of a mountain); bosom (e.g. of nature)
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
smuggling (people); stowing away
to study (in depth); to learn; to take lessons in
Western civilization; Western civilisation
to shift one's attention to; to shift one's focus on
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
though; notwithstanding; although
claim; insistence; assertion; advocacy; emphasis; contention
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
official business; public business
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
valuation; appraisal; evaluation; appreciation; recognition; acknowledgement
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
ability; capability; skill
to mince; to cut fine; to carve; to engrave; to tick away (time); to beat out (e.g. rhythm); to etch (into one's mind)
to end one's life; to commit suicide; to end a life; to kill
suffixed to words indicating a class of people to create a plural (esp. in impolite contexts)
near; nearby; not far off
traction; towing; hauling; driving (e.g. economic growth)
to play a leading role; to play a central part
to stop by; to drop in for a short visit
imperial loyalist samurai of the Bakumatsu-era; patriots; idealists willing to sacrifice themselves for the good of the nation
reformation; revolution; renewal; Meiji Restoration
party-internal; within the party