army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
to conquer (e.g. an enemy); to defeat; to overcome (a difficulty); to out-hit
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
place; situation; position; location
traffic; transportation; communication; exchange (of ideas, etc.); intercourse
important point; strategic position; key point
Bakumatsu period; closing days of the Tokugawa shogunate; end of the Edo period
bush clover; Japanese clover (any flowering plant of genus Lespedeza); dark red exterior with blue interior (color combination worn in autumn); Hagi (city in Yamaguchi)
defense; defence; defensive preparations
domain administrative headquarters (early Meiji)
to change; to swap; to change the object of one's interest or focus; to spend or take time; to infect; to permeate something with the smell or colour of something; to move on to the next or different stage of (a plan, etc.)
at that time; in those days
maid; female servant; hostess (in a ryokan); waitress (in a traditional restaurant); (arch.) court lady
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
to manage (all by oneself); to control; to run; to take charge of
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
public finance; financial affairs; financial situation
revamping; reshaping; rearranging; reorganizing
to endeavor (endeavour); to try; to strive; to make an effort; to exert oneself; to be diligent
(practice of) simplicity and frugality; scrimping and saving
thoroughness; completeness; consistency; thorough enforcement; seeing to it that a policy, etc. is carried out without exception
to be handed down; to be introduced; to be transmitted; to be circulated; to go along; to walk along
completeness; being fully equipped; (suit of) armor; armour
woman; female; feminine gender
when push comes to shove; when needed; when necessity arises; when the moment arrives
battlefield; battleground
to (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.); to indicate; to show
(religious) piety; faith; devotion
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
one's future; one's fate; one's way; one's path
to be anxious or concerned about; to ponder (anxiously); to fear; to investigate; to consider; to plan
though; notwithstanding; although
violent shock; agitation; turbulence; turmoil; upheaval; excitement
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
to walk; to go on foot; to tread (a figurative path); to follow; to advance towards (e.g. a solution); to set out (e.g. on the path to destruction, ruin, etc.)
success in life; getting ahead; successful career; promotion; climbing the corporate ladder; eminence
stairs; stairway; staircase