Tokugawa Iemochi (1846.7.17-1866.8.29), Shougun 1858-1866
(geisha) teahouse; establishment where patrons are entertained by geisha
owning nothing except the clothes on one's back
school; school building; schoolhouse
high prices of commodities
breaking (an agreement, promise); cancellation (of a contract)
feudal decree; edict by a daimyo
Kanmon Straits (between Honshu and Kyushu)
boor; rustic; country bumpkin; lout
Emperor Koumei; Koumei Tenno (1831-1866 CE, reigning: 1846-1866 CE)
kiheitai (irregular militia during the Bakumatsu period)
travelling on foot; traveling on foot; travelling all over
to raise; to record; to bring up (a matter); to serve (food); to send someone out
Buddhist name; priest's name (on entering the priesthood); posthumous Buddhist name
honeymouthed; glib; fair-spoken
wooden doll; blockhead; good-for-nothing
to do in earnest; to concentrate on; to apply one's mind to
handbook; instruction book; manual
abstract or impracticable theory
Bunkyū era (1861.2.19-1864.2.20)
military science; strategy; tactics
opening a port (seaport, airport, etc.); starting operations at a port; opening a port to foreign vessels or trade
(another person's) younger sister
commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians; great, unifying leader
dwelling; house; residence; living; life
love affair; sensual pleasures
immediate follower (of the shogun)
working feverishly; strenuous efforts; furious dedication (to a task); (arch.) having dishevelled hair; (arch.) fighting with dishevelled hair
lawless; outrageous; insolent; rude; inexcusable; unpardonable
sorry; excuse me; thank you
boorish; unsophisticated; unrefined; uncouth; tasteless; insensitive
age; years; longevity; long life; congratulation; celebration
maritime; marine transportation
emphatic verbal prefix; humble verbal prefix
imperial decree; imperial edict
opportunity; chance; good time (to do); trend; tendency; momentum
founding a country; opening of a country (e.g. Japan) to the world; ending (a policy of) national seclusion
way to shoot; how to shoot