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Sase

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Kuruhara Ryouzou (1829.12.27-1862.9.22)

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Masanosuke

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Teizou

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Shoukasonjuku

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Abeshikibu

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Rokunosuke

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classic Confucian writings

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arson; incendiarism

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rice cake stuffed with sweet bean jam

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coastal defense; coastal defence

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Confucian scholar

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to dismiss (from a position); to exempt; to excuse from; to forgive

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Nizaemon

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revolution; cataclysm; drastic change

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petition; memorial

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prodigy; talented person; person of exceptional talent; genius

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Tsugaru Strait

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Western learning (introduced to Japan in the late-Edo and early-Meiji eras)

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Kaei era (1848.2.28-1854.11.27)

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Mencius (372-289 BCE); Mengzi; Mencius (one of the Four Books)

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betrothal; wedding; marriage into a family; adoption

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great fool; utter fool; complete idiot; absolute moron

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order (for an item); request; demand; condition

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(another person's) younger sister

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clouds and fog

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amen; hail

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to call back; to recall

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to hear a rumor; to get wind of

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China (sometimes also used in ref. to Korea or other foreign countries)

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Japanese mugwort (Artemisia princeps); mugwort (any plant of genus Artemisia); wormwood; sagebrush

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to be betrayed; to be brought to grief (by an enemy); to be given a hard time

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small private school (esp. for cramming); private school (in the Edo period, orig. run by Confucianists)

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Yamaguchi prefecture (Chūgoku area)

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inexperienced person; incompetent person; ignoramus

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Meiji Restoration (1868)

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one cup (of sake); (going out for, treating someone to) a drink; small drinking party

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cancellation; suspension

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to use completely; to use up; to exhaust; to exhaust somebody's civility; to give up (on someone)

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keeping house; being confined to one's house

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advance celebration

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act of treachery; breach of faith; stab in the back; double-cross

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considerably; greatly; a lot

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trackless path

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black ships; Western ships that came to Japan between the 16th and 19th centuries, esp. those of the Perry Expedition in 1853; foreign disruptor (of the Japanese market); product, person, etc. arriving from the West and disturbing the Japanese market

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one's home; hometown; native place; birthplace

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to rust; to become rusty

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Itō

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canopy (esp. the cloth or canvas used for it); awning; top (of a convertible); helmet cape; cloth covering one's back to protect against arrows during battle

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lifestyle; way of life

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