sentence; composition; text; the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; statement
quick; nimble; agile; sharp; smart; clever
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
speaking of; (I told you) already; come on
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
Edo (shogunate capital; former name of Tokyo); Yedo
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
that way; that direction; that (one); that person; there; over there
direction; way; point of the compass; cardinal direction; method; means
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
from now; from this moment; henceforth
about; roughly; generally; on the whole; completely; quite
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
now; the present time; just now; another; more
Yamaguchi Prefecture (Chūgoku area)
bush clover; Japanese clover (any flowering plant of genus Lespedeza); dark red exterior with blue interior (color combination worn in autumn); Hagi (city in Yamaguchi)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
small private school (esp. for cramming); private school (in the Edo period, orig. run by Confucianists)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
cram school; private tutoring school; juku
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
-less; lacking; non-existing
young person; youngster; young people; (the) youth
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
revolution; cataclysm; drastic change
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to accomplish; to achieve; to complete; to carry out; to carry through
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
pine tree (Pinus spp.); highest (of a three-tier ranking system)