indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
rate; ratio; one tenth; ten percent; (comparative) profit; gain; assignment
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
regarding; in; to; towards; with regards to
desire for revenge; vengeful thoughts
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
vigorously (ripping, tearing, scratching, etc.); roughly; (eating) with a crunch; stiff; starchy; (working) hard
completely beating someone up; being completely knocked down; thoroughly bashing someone
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
company president; manager; director
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
obsession; fixation; complaining; criticizing; speciality (e.g. of a restaurant)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
every month; each month; monthly
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
to make a payment via bank deposit transfer; to discard another player's winning tile
bribe; secret fund; slush fund; money for bribery
dogwood (Cornus controversa)
regular; normal; formal; legal; established; legitimate
price of a flower; fee for a geisha's companionship
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
payment made via bank deposit transfer; discarding a tile that becomes another player's winning tile
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
(camera) shutter; shutter (for a door, window, etc.)
sound; noise; (speech) sound; Chinese-derived reading of a kanji
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
yen (currency of Japan); circle
security police; special police; special; TV special; 78-rpm record; standard play (VHS recording speed); SP
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...