indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
nashi (esp. Pyrus pyrifolia); Japanese pear; Asian pear
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
right; right-hand side; right hand; the above (in a piece of vertical writing); above-mentioned; the right (wing)
injury; wound; mistake; accident; loss
restoration; recovery; rehabilitation; recovery (from an illness); recuperation; convalescence
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
NHK; Japan Broadcasting Corporation
sake cup; cup for alcoholic beverages; counter for cupfuls, bowlfuls, spoonfuls, etc.; counter for boats; counter for octopuses and squid; cup
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera); Indian lotus; lotus; rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
(medical) treatment; care; therapy; cure; remedy
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
to refuse; to reject; to decline; to prevent (from doing); to deny (e.g. access); to block
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
one's youth; early life; one's early days; one's early years
elopement; running away with a lover
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
fate; destiny (esp. as a mysterious force that binds two people together); relationship (e.g. between two people); bond; family ties; affinity; opportunity
to break; to snap; to be injured; to wear out; to be worn out; to break; to burst
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
to perceive; to understand
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
another place; some other place; another (person or thing); other; beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside