inside this; in this; in here; among these; of this group; out of these
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; operation; moving picture
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
participation; joining; entry
reason; grounds; pretext; excuse; motive
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
achievement; attainment; accomplishment; realization
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
answer; reply; response; answer; solution; result
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to add up to; to advance (in price)
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to fix; to settle; to standardize; constant; definite; uniform
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
phala (attained state, result); enlightenment (as the fruits of one's Buddhist practice); fruit; counter for pieces of fruit
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to rise to the surface; to come to the front; to emerge (e.g. from obscurity); to stand out (e.g. against a dark background)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
band (group of musicians); band (material); strap; belt (clothing); (frequency) band
to come out; to fall out; to fade; to discolour; to wear a hole (e.g. clothes); to leave (e.g. a meeting); to be clear
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
catastrophe; cataclysm; collapse (of a relationship); breakup; split (friends, lovers, etc.)
wisdom; enlightenment; prajñā (one of the three divisions of the noble eightfold path); wisdom
passionate love; ardent love; devotion
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
honorific/polite/humble prefix
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
single word; a few words; brief comment
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to play (a stringed or keyboard instrument)