yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
one child; only child; one of several children (esp. the son and heir); one stone (in the game of go)
lush mountain; green mountain; grave; burial place
performance; take; game; season; penetrative vaginal sex (with a prostitute); unsimulated sex (in an adult movie)
to let fly; to make fly; to skip over; to leave out; to run fast; to drive fast; to spray
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
sorry; excuse me; thank you
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
continuation; succession; series
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
that way; that direction; that (one); that person; there; over there
falling (down); tumbling (down); failure; failing; renouncing Christianity and converting to Buddhism (during the Edo period); apostasy
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
don't you think?; indicates question
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
such; like that; that sort of; very
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...