origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
suffix for familiar person
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; anticipation; looking forward to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to set aside; to keep in reserve; to hold on to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that's good; that's nice; like (on social media); is that clear?; OK?
goodbye; so long; saying goodbye to (e.g. life as a bachelor); putting an end to; farewell (performance, party, etc.); final
email; mail (usu. in compound words); post; message (sent over a chat application); instant message; male
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
time; hour; period; class
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
surgery; operation; procedure; skill with one's hands; sleight of hand
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to lend; to loan; to rent out; to hire out
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
hospitalization; hospitalisation