interruption (e.g. of a conversation)
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
above anything else; above all; more than anything; best; greatest; excellent
how many years; how long; what year
style; manner; way; after (period of time) again (e.g. meeting again after a year); for the first time in (period of time)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
together; mutually; fellow
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
reliable; trustworthy; hopeful; promising
finally; at last; ultimately; in the end
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
grace (of God); benevolence (of Buddha); assistance; help; effects; influence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to cross over (e.g. mountain); to go across; to get over (e.g. hardship); to pass time (e.g. a winter); to surpass; to be better than; to move house
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
where ... is concerned; when it becomes; if it becomes
the very end; finish; to the very end; to the last; thoroughly
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
certainly; surely; definitely
neck; head; dismissal; discharge