to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
sentence; composition; text; the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; statement
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
now; the present time; just now; another; more
adds force or indicates command
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
to ascertain; to check; to make sure
that kind of; of the sort; of the kind; such
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
bow (weapon); archery; bow (for a violin, etc.)
public matter; governmental matter; prince; duke; lord; sir
Japanese apricot (Prunus mume); Japanese plum; ume; lowest (of a three-tier ranking system)
marshy rice field or paddy
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude