this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
than; from; out of; except; but; more
high rice field; very fertile rice field
to turn back; to go back; to come back; to return; to retrace one's steps
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
to obey respectfully; to humble oneself; to sit straight (upright, respectfully, attentively)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
rope; cord; line; grand champion's braided belt
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
Minister of the Interior (669-1868 CE); Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (1885-1945 CE)
after (practically) no time; immediately after; just; having no time to
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
I'm told; is what I heard; is how it is, apparently; is what they said
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Japanese league; ri; neighbourhood (under the ritsuryo system; orig. of 50 homes); unit of area (approx. 654m by 654m)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)