indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
police officer; policeman; constable
thank you for your hard work; I appreciate your efforts
I appreciate your efforts
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
willow (any tree of genus Salix); weeping willow (Salix babylonica)
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
things at hand; personal belongings
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
discovery; detection; finding
neighbourhood; neighborhood
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
man; male; masculine gender
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
footprints; record of page visitors (e.g. in social networking sites)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
investigator (usu. of criminal cases)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
victim; injured party; sufferer
shoe; shoes; boots; footwear; footgear
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
relation; connection; relevance
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt