this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
discovery; detection; finding
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
really; truly; indeed; good grief
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain; mine; colliery; owner of a mountain; operator of a mine
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
notebook; copy-book; note; noting down; (musical) note; laptop (computer)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave (in someone's keeping); to put (in someone's care); to put (someone) in charge of; to leave (a matter) in someone's hands; to lean on; to put one's weight on
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
laboratory; seminar room; professor's office
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
ticket; coupon; bond; certificate
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
to take good care of; to treasure; to value; to hold dear; to prize; to cherish
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
myself; yourself; I; me; you
study; research; investigation
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
betrayer; traitor; turncoat; informer
oak tree; (arch.) imperial palace guard
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work