expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
goal; target; aim; mark; sign; landmark
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
single word; a few words; brief comment
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to be helpful; to be useful
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
material; substance; matter
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
cookie; biscuit; cookie (browser-related file sent from a WWW server)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
physical condition; state of health
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
unusual event; strange occurrence; strange phenomenon; something abnormal; change (for the worse); accident
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to have sex with; to make love to; to sit on (eggs); to brood
claim (for compensation); customer complaint seeking compensation; (general) complaint; objection
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
your company; your shrine
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
concealment; suppression; hiding
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
bad (taste); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive
oak tree; (arch.) imperial palace guard
company president; manager; director