if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
declining; refusal; nonacceptance; turning down; withdrawal (e.g. of candidacy); pulling out (e.g. of a race)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
scoundrel; rascal; villain
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
listening device; bug; wiretap
to start; to begin; to challenge; to pick (a fight); to set (traps); to plant (explosives)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
infiltration; sneaking in; going undercover
search (esp. in criminal investigations); investigation; inquiry; enquiry
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
arrest; apprehension; capture
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
goal; target; aim; mark; sign; landmark
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
duty; function; office; mission; task
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to furnish with; to equip with; to prepare for; to make preparations for; to possess (all that is needed); to be endowed with
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
width; breadth; freedom (e.g. of thought); latitude; gap; difference (e.g. in price)
to spread; to extend; to unfold; to open; to scatter about; to spread around
exactly; surely; right then; just then; just (about to); on the verge (of doing or happening)
activity (esp. energetic); great efforts; conspicuous service; to flourish; to participate actively; to play an active role
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?