indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to have an ulterior motive; to have an axe to grind
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to receive punishment; to be punished; to pay a penalty
bad; wrong; must not (do, be); should not; useless; no good; hopeless
sound of a gunshot; report of a gun
just now; a moment ago; this very minute
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
information; news; information (data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.); informatics (as a subject)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
to go; to come; to lose; to be defeated; to be stumped (by); to be at a loss; to visit (a shrine, grave, etc.)
Tokyo Metropolis (prefecture); Tokyo metropolitan area
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
popularity; public favor; condition (e.g. market); tone; character
arrest; apprehension; capture
to repeat; to do over again
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
by means of; due to; because of; according to
chairman; moderator; toastmaster; master of ceremonies; chairperson; host (of a TV show, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
each time; every time; whenever (something happens); on the occasion of
people (of a country); nation; citizen; Democratic Party for the People
likability; favorability; popularity
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go to the top; to climb to the top; to ascend to the top; to be engrossed in; to be very enthusiastic about; to be infatuated with
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
truth; reality; truly; really; absolute truth
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
to bring to light; to expose (to the world)
general public; the masses
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
justice; right; righteousness; correct meaning; correct explanation
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to respond; to answer; to meet (e.g. demands, expectations); to affect; to take a toll; to strike home
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly