indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
stain; spot; smudge; spot (on one's skin, e.g. chloasma, liver spot); blemish; discoloration
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to float; to be suspended; to rise to the surface; to appear; to come to mind; to have inspiration
one by one; one after another; successively
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to notice; to realize; to realise; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses); to come round
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
excluding; except (for); apart from; outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
large river (esp. the Yangtze); Lake Biwa
Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata)
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop; knight (court card in mekuri karuta and unsun karuta)
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
about; on; regarding; per; for every
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
lodging together; training camp; boarding house
just before; just prior to; right in front of; just in front of
he; she; that person; that; that one; that thing
wonderful; splendid; magnificent; exceeding; incredible; remarkable