severe; intense; awe-inspiring; biting; bitter (cold); piercing
child (esp. a boy); viscount; founder of a school of thought (esp. Confucius); master; masters and philosophers (categorization of Chinese classical literature); (arch.) you; -er (i.e. man who spends all his time doing...)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
violation; offense; offence; breach; transgression; infringement
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to investigate; to examine
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
search (esp. in criminal investigations); investigation; inquiry; enquiry
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
to put to trial; to argue in court
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
judgment; judgement; divination; judgement
to make a decision; to draw a conclusion; to give a judgement; to hand down a verdict; to let go down; to lower; to do oneself
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
by the way; in this connection; incidentally; in passing
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
job title; name of one's position
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
(some) more; even more; longer; further
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
please (give me); please (do for me)
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to strike; to clap; to play drums; to abuse; to bash; to consult; to sound out
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading