people (of a country); nation; citizen; national
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
maximum preference; maximum priority; priority handling
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
besides; furthermore; on top of that; and yet; nevertheless; even so
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be in a hurry; to be impatient; to be anxious (to do); to get a fright; to panic; to get flustered
immediately; as soon as possible; as quickly as possible
foreign; abroad; overseas
escape; break-out; prolapse; proptosis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
village; hamlet; countryside; country; home (of one's parents, etc.); hometown
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
China; Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane); central part of a country; main region; province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryo system)
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to make an enemy (of); to antagonize
emigration; immigration; emigrant; immigrant
negotiations; discussions; connection
setback; deadlock; standstill; impasse; miscarriage
car; automobile; motorcar; motor vehicle; auto
trump card; ace up one's sleeve; secret weapon
America and China; Sino-American
bargaining; haggling; tactics; strategy
really; truly; indeed; good grief
to backfire; to produce a result opposite to what was expected or intended
announcer; presenter; broadcaster; in-house television talent who does on-location fluff pieces for variety shows