cool breeze; cool air; refreshing coolness
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
counter for the ichi-ni-san counting system (usu. directly preceding the item being counted); noun read using its on-yomi; counter for articles; indicates possessive (esp. in place names)
peak; summit; ridge; back of a blade
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
name; given name; first name
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
disagreeable; unpleasant; adverse; unsympathetic
shall ...; to assume; to suppose
resentment; grudge; malice; matter for regret; regret
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
confession; acknowledgement; confession of love; professing one's feelings; confession of sins (e.g. the confessional)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
primary school; elementary school; grade school
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
air con; air conditioner; air conditioning
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
while; during; while; although; all; both
surname; family name; last name
consumer electronics; home appliances
average; medium; mid-grade (item); regular grade; same level as; equal to
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
besides; furthermore; on top of that; and yet; nevertheless; even so
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
perfect; complete; flawless
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant