indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
bear (any mammal of family Ursidae)
sukiyaki; thin slices of beef, cooked with various vegetables in a table-top cast-iron pan
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
how; in what way; how about; questionable
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
(one's) inner voice; voice of one's heart; what one really thinks
salmon (Salmonidae spp.); chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)
salted salmon; fish wrapped in (bamboo) leaves
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
honorific/polite/humble prefix
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
name; given name; first name
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
hot (thing); passionate (feelings, etc.); ardent; hot (e.g. temper); zealous; enthusiastic; intense
poor (at); weak (in); not very good (at); not one's cup of tea; not one's favorite
prey; catch; kill; spoils; trophy; loot
right (to do something); authority; power