indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
to face; to go towards; to head towards
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty