indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
please (give me); please (do for me)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to keep someone from doing; to stop; to prevent; to check; to hinder; to obstruct
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
of all (things, people, places, days, etc.)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
now; the present time; just now; another; more
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
meeting; rendezvous; encounter; confluence
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
karma; result of one's karma; fate; uncontrollable temper
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
as it is bound to (happen); following the natural course; though possible as it may be
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
to guide; to lead; to show the way; to derive; to deduce
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
your native country; your hometown; my home country (i.e. Japan); countryside; country; (arch.) daimyo's territory (Edo period)
to go to hell; to fall into hell; to be damned
readiness; preparedness; resolution; resignation
location (of something); whereabouts; hiding place
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so