indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Heike family; Taira family
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
central figure; pillar (e.g. of the nation); chief; boss; master carpenter; beams and ridge supports of a roof
sister-in-law (spouse's younger sister or younger brother's wife); younger stepsister; younger adopted sister; non-blood-related younger sister
to advance (spatially); to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to move ahead (e.g. of work); to intensify
family; clan; sect; school; group of related sumo stables
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to be helpful; to be useful
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
empress (consort); queen (consort)
to obtain; to get; to procure; to win; to secure
one's own child; one's own children
emperor (of Japan); mikado
seat; place; position; status; gathering; party; stand
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to go out to meet; to receive; to call for; to summon; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to take (e.g. a wife)
Heike family; Taira family; The Tale of the Heike; chanting of the Heike Monogatari
fortune; riches; goods; incorporated foundation
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to send; to dispatch; to see (someone) off; to escort; to bid farewell to (the departed); to say goodbye to; to spend (time)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to walk about; to walk around; to conduct oneself; to act; to stop by (somewhere; esp. of a criminal on the run); to drop by
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to bring (news, knowledge, etc.); to introduce; to bring about; to cause; to produce (e.g. results)
to support; to prop; to sustain; to hold at bay; to stem; to check