indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
match; game; bout; contest
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
technique; art; skill; move
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
collar; lapel; neckband; nape of the neck; scruff of the neck
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
point (of a story, argument, etc.); point (e.g. in stock exchange movement); percentage point; switch; points; point; site
judgement; judgment; decision; adjudication; award; verdict
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
now; the present time; just now; another; more
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
advance (into a new market or stage of progress); launching (a new career or venture); expanding (into a new market); stepping forward; emerging
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
South Korea; Republic of Korea; Korean Empire (1897-1910)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
flag; banner (administrative division of Inner Mongolia)
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
guidance; leadership; instruction; shido (disciplinary action for a minor infringement of the rules of judo)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally