source (of a river); fountainhead; source; origin; root
civil administration; Bunji era (1185.8.14-1190.4.11)
first year (of an imperial era); year something (important) first happened or began
Genji (the character in the Genji Monogatari); the Minamoto family
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
platform; podium; (ceremonial) mound; world (of haiku, art, etc.); (literary) circles; (arch.) mandala
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Heike family; Taira family; The Tale of the Heike; chanting of the Heike Monogatari
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to destroy; to overthrow; to wreck; to ruin
the other world; the next world; the world beyond; world after death
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
sure; no mistaking it; for certain; without doubt
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to lose (something); to mislay; to get rid of; to eliminate; to remove
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to be surprised; to be astonished
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; (arch.) that's right
reason; cause; circumstances
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
in comparison to; rather than
burly; strong; indomitable; indefatigable; robust (vitality, appetite, economic growth, etc.); strong
troubled times; turbulent times
to live through; to survive
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun