indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.); to slice (off); to lop (off); to cut (off)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
something broad and flat; common; ordinary; low-ranking employee; freshman
family; clan; sect; school; group of related sumo stables
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
central figure; pillar (e.g. of the nation); chief; boss; master carpenter; beams and ridge supports of a roof
Heike family; Taira family
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
than; from; out of; except; but; more
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
this occasion; at this time; now
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
adds force or indicates command
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
babysitting; babysitter; protecting; keeping; keeper
feudal lord; (arch.) mansion; (arch.) palace