only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be silent; to say nothing
area; vicinity; side; edge; circumstances
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
bonze; monk; monk's dwelling; boy; son; I; me
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
two persons; two people; pair; couple
emperor (of Japan); mikado
mound; heap; hillock; burial mound; tomb; tumulus
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
one's home; one's humble abode
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
please come (and visit us); please come (to our shop)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
don't you think?; indicates question
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
light; lamp; counter for electric lights
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)