indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold back (e.g. emotions); to rein in (e.g. a horse, unruly people); to get the better of; to control; to command
poverty-stricken; destitute; poor; penurious
to control; to command; to get the better of
to fish; to angle; to catch; to lure in; to tempt; to attract
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
convenient; handy; useful
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
to suck up; to absorb; to squeeze (money)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
okonomiyaki; savoury pancake containing meat or seafood and vegetables
hotcake; (American) pancake
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
besides; in addition; also; moreover
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
unwillingly; grudgingly; shaking head in refusal (like a child); no!; no no!
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
no!; no no!; no, not at all
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
adverse health effects supposedly caused by air conditioning; air-conditioning sickness
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
air conditioning; air cooling
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
summer term (e.g. school); summer period
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
summer vacation; summer holiday
firmly; plentifully; with all one's might
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
tedium; boredom; dullness; to feel bored; to get bored with; to get tired of
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
than; from; out of; except; but; more
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...