ordinary person; untitled individual
door (esp. Japanese-style); shutter; window shutter; (arch.) entrance (to a home); (arch.) narrows
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
to take (a photo); to record (video, audio, etc.); to make (a film)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
coupon tickets; discount tickets; book of tickets
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to accompany; to follow; to keep up with
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)