speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
first year; early years (of a reign or era)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
industry; (arch.) livelihood; (arch.) occupation
having no choice but to ...; all one can do is ...; there's nothing to do except ...; having nothing but ...; there is only ...; having only ...
capable person; talented person; human resources; personnel
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
(social) class; rank; grade
old; former; the old; old things; old times; bygone days
family of samurai lineage; person with samurai ancestors; shizoku; the second of three official classes in Japan in 1869-1947, consisting of former samurai
by means of; due to; because of; according to
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
something like ...; something called ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
people (of a country); nation; citizen; Democratic Party for the People
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
inexperienced; unfamiliar (with); unversed; lacking experience
while; during; while; although; all; both
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
pitiful; pathetic; painful (to look at)
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
elevation (of spirits); raising (of morale); uplift; upsurge
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
stage; step; level; rank; order; stairs
society; public; community; social studies
what kind of; what sort of; what
class; level; stratum; layer; hierarchy
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name