indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
Formosan sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
mother-in-law; foster mother; step mother
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
valuable; worthwhile; worthy; worth doing
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
true character; true form; true colors (colours); consciousness; one's senses
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
empty lot; vacant plot of land
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
way to use something; treatment; management (of help)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to ascertain; to check; to make sure
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
brother-in-law (spouse's older brother or older sister's husband); older stepbrother
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question