indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
odd; strange; queer; peculiar
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to take someone (to some place); to take someone along; to lead someone away
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
honorific/polite/humble prefix
please (give me); please (do for me)
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; (arch.) man in attendance (on a person of high standing); (arch.) retainer
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
like this; this sort; this way
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
to be ruined (reduced to poverty); to fall low; to go under; to come to ruin
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
regrettable; disappointing; precious; dear; too good for; deserving better
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
all people; everybody; ten thousand people
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very