readiness; preparedness; resolution; resignation
to kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.); to slice (off); to lop (off); to cut (off)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
subjugation (using military force); suppression; subduing
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
best regards; please remember me; please treat me favorably (favourably); please take care of
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to make a decision; to draw a conclusion; to give a judgement; to hand down a verdict; to let go down; to lower; to do oneself
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
used to indicate respect for the listener (or reader)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
adds force or indicates command
let me humbly say; most humbly; with all due respect
this occasion; at this time; now
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
becoming a lordless samurai
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to cause; to induce; to bring about; to pull upright; to help up (e.g. a fallen person)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
feudal domain (Edo and early Meiji periods, precursor to current prefectures); fiefdom; province
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to compete; to contest; to quarrel; to argue; to deny (e.g. evidence)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
please; kindly; I beg of you; by all means; without fail
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
a wise idea; polite reference to another's consideration
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to ask (humbly); to request (humbly)
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)