recollection; retrospection; reflection; reminiscence
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
like-mindedness; (being of the) same mind; shared sentiment; comrade; fellow; kindred soul
company; association; regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour); counter for companies, shrines, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
family; members of a family
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
pupil; student; schoolchild
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
reading aloud; recitation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
on the occasion of; circumstances; juncture
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
perilous pass (on a route or journey); rough spot
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to inherit; to succeed; to take over
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder