jpdb beta

reformation; revolution; renewal; Meiji Restoration

1

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)

16

year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)

8

still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least

3

politics; government

2

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

119

handful; small amount; small number

1

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

166

Satsuma and Chōshū (clan alliance)

3

person

2

pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)

3

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

83

monopoly; monopolization; exclusivity; hogging; keeping to oneself

1

medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)

1

all present; all concerned; all of us

7

that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that

5

just like that; quite so; I agree; (lit.) that street

2

now is the time

1

freedom; liberty

8

civil rights

6

flag; banner (administrative division of Inner Mongolia)

1

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

104

to put up (a notice, sign, etc.); to hang out (e.g. a banner); to hold up high; to raise overhead; to tout (a principle, plan, etc.); to herald; to publish

1

National Diet; legislative assembly of Japan (1947-); Imperial Diet; legislative assembly of Japan (1889-1947); legislative assembly; parliament

9

establishment; opening; setting up; inauguration

10

popular election

1

parliament; congress; diet; house (of parliament, etc.); chamber

1

establishment; founding; organization; organisation

1

to turn towards; to point

1

in unison; as one; united

1

to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen

2

time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity

7

such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o

14

nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible

7

yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?

5

clapping hands; applause

6

police officer; policeman; constable

1

lecturer; rhetorician; orator; narrator in Japanese silent cinema; film interpreter

3

suspension; stoppage; discontinuance; interruption

4

Itagaki Taisuke (1837-1919)

1

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

93

to ignite; to set fire to; to spark (an incident, etc.); to inflame (a situation, etc.)

1

Movement for Civic Rights and Freedom (Meiji era); Freedom and People's Rights Movement

1

the people; citizens; the populace

6

voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)

3

reflection (light, image, situation, attitude, etc.); reflecting; influence; application (e.g. of an update)

1

called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...

3

big; large; great

4

undulation; winding; meandering; swell (of waves); surge; billow

1

to become; to amount to

5