honorific/polite/humble prefix
tuber; taro; yokel; bumpkin; dud; worthless thing
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
primness; prim person; clear soup; water for rinsing sake cups (at a banquet, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
sound of footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
maid; helper; help; assistance
great; excellent; very troublesome; awful; tiring; tough
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
peak; summit; ridge; back of a blade
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to divide (by); to remove; to exclude
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
shape; form; appearance; state; situation; suitable
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain; mine; colliery; owner of a mountain; operator of a mine
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to burn; to roast; to broil; to heat; to heat up; to make (charcoal, pottery, bricks, etc.); to bake
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn